VCAM1 and inflammation: In a murine model of sepsis, miR-126-3p and miR-126-5p from EPC-EXs could maintain vascular homeostasis by reducing LPS-induced upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1) and high-mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) in ECs, thereby reducing lung microvascular endothelial inflammation and dysfunction; the effects were reversed by transfecting with inhibitors of miR-126-3p and 5p (53).