ALB and Hypoalbuminemia: The possible mechanisms are as follows: (1) Plasma colloid osmotic pressure was critical in controlling the exchange of water between the inside and outside of blood vessels and in maintaining blood volume, while albumin was the primary molecule responsible for sustaining plasma colloid osmotic pressure; (2) Hypoalbuminemia, when accompanied by blood volume reduction causes the liquid in blood vessels to leak out, further reducing the volume of blood vessels and aggravating renal perfusion, along with worsening acute kidney damage (7, 8, 18–20).