Most interestingly, a recent analysis of the African-American participants of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, demonstrated that APOL1 RRA were associated with sepsis risk under dominant [Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–2.11] and additive (HR per variant allele copy 1.25, 95% CI, 1.02–1.53) genetic models adjusted for covariates and ancestry, suggesting a complex interaction between APOL1 and general risk for severe infection (31). This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and infection.