Corroborative in vivo data in an infection model of haploinsufficient Ubc9+/– mice also showed profound destruction of colonic tissue, increased intestinal permeability, and increased signatures of pro-inflammatory cytokines in comparison to wild type controls, suggesting SUMO response to curtail Shigella infection at multiple steps (Fritah et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene UBE2I and infection.