We found the expressions of mRNA expression of caspase-1, GSDMD, caspase-3, MLKL, RIPK3, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 and of proteins cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, cleaved caspase-3 and pMIKL in the macrophages of the three infection groups to be upregulated (P<0.05). Here, MLKL is linked to infection.