In accordance with the clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) [4] and clinical guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Russian Association of Oncologists [5], early diagnosis of HCC is based on ultrasound examination of the liver and measuring the level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) glycoprotein. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.