A recent report revealed that ketamine can reduce the expression levels of RhoA and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) while simultaneously reducing the proportion of mushroom spines and increasing the proportion of stubby spines in rat hippocampal neurons, which could be involved in the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia [16]. This evidence concerns the gene ROCK1 and schizophrenia.