Stimulation of BSMCs with polyI:C (5 ug/ml) for 24 hours significantly induced mRNA expression of TLR3, in asthma (6.047 ± 0.924-fold increase, p < 0.05) (Figure 2A) and COPD (9.878 ± 0.779-fold increase, p < 0.001) (Figure 2B) as compared to control groups. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.