The mRNA expression of VDR was only slightly increased in polyI:C-stimulated BSMCs and this effect was significantly increased by the addition of 1,25D3 (0.866 ± 0.23-fold increase, p = 0.01 in asthma (Figure 1C) and 1.6 ± 0.73-fold increase in COPD, p < 0.05) (Figure 1D). Here, VDR is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.