CCL2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Furthermore, an increased anti-inflammatory effect of 1,25D3 was observed in BSMCs from COPD, for secreted IL-6 (954 ± 217-fold decrease, p < 0.001, Figure 4B) and MCP-1 (488.9 ± 120-fold decrease, p < 0.01, Figure 4D and Table S1A) than in BSMCs from asthma (Figures 4A, C and Table S1A).