CCL2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: When 1,25D3 was added to polyI:C-stimulated BSMCs, there was a significant decrease in mRNA expression of IL-6, IFN-β1, CCL2. In addition, we observed a higher extent of the anti-inflammatory effect of 1,25D3 in BSMCs from COPD, namely for IL-6 (40.24 ± 15.39-fold decrease, p < 0.05, Figure 3B) and IFN-β1 (6.65 ± 2.21-fold decrease, p < 0.01, Figure 3D), than in BSMCs from asthma (Figures 3A, C, Table S1A).