It has been shown that lack of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like (NOD) receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), a known target of ATP/P2X7 receptor signaling, in the recipient mice ameliorated GVHD, suggesting that ATP exaggerates GVHD via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (28). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is graft versus host disease.