In the studies of COPD, bioactive compounds have mainly attenuated cigarette smoke-induced emphysema, airway remodeling, and inflammation through the NF-κB, MAPK, and TGF-β/Smad pathways, and resveratrol is one of the important and effective bioactive substances against COPD. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.