The bioactive compounds, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and β-sitosterol, can mainly regulate the NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, NLRP3, TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways to inhibit infection, inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition, and tumor growth in a series of lung-related diseases. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and infection.