TGFB1 and acute kidney injury: As an advantage to anti-inflammatory, ginsenosides can improve glomerular endothelial barrier function; alleviate the apoptosis of renal cells induced by ischemia and reperfusion to protect the kidney function in AKI; inhibit the excessive accumulation of ECM, including collagen and fibronectin as well as fibrotic markers, especially TGF-β1 in renal tubular cells; inhibit apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells; decrease the damage to podocyte cells, including apoptotic and necrotic changes.