TNF and liver cancer: Another study also reported that CAFs regulate the plasticity of tumor-initiating cells in liver cancer through c-Met/FRA1/HEY1 signaling (Lau et al., 2016), while Lau et al. (2017) reported that CAFs promote the metastasis of ovarian cancer via tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/transforming growth factor (TGF)-α/EGFR signaling.