NPPB and dementia: Secondarily, we hypothesized that HRF metrics would be inversely associated with cognitive test scores in models with serum concentration of NH2-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a major cardiovascular (CV) risk factor also reported to be associated with dementia (Ostovaneh et al., 2020), cognitive performance (Ferguson et al., 2018; Ostovaneh et al., 2020) and brain structure and function by MRI (Zonneveld et al., 2017; Ferguson et al., 2018).