AKT1 and Hyperglycemia: Wei et al. (2012) and Zhang et al. (2020) reported that muscone can inhibit apoptosis via inhibiting expression of caspase 8 and Fas in the cortex and stimulate neural stem cells proliferation transforming them into neurons in ischemia/reperfusion rats. Muscone has also been suggested to mitigate hyperglycemia-induced Schwann cell autophagy and apoptosis partially by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (Dong et al., 2019).