NLRP3 and brain ischemia: Studies showed that ECM receptors (such as integrins and dystroglycan) NLRP3 and PPAR, which are expressed in the brain microvasculature, mediate the connections between endothelial cells and matrix components in response to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (Tedgui and Mallat, 2001; Baeten and Akassoglou, 2011; Gong et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2019).