In addition, vanillic acid significantly arrested the G1 phase and inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the HIF-1α expression and inhibiting the mTOR/p70S6K/eIF4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and Raf/MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK pathways (119). Here, EIF4EBP1 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.