LGALS9 and lung carcinoma: Importantly, these studies have identified a number of genes of high research significance toward exosomes and lung cancer development, such as ZEB1, TGF-β1, KLF9, LMO7, ASMA, S100A16, MALAT-1, PD-L1, EGFR, sFlt-1, Tim-3, and LGALS9. Additionally, other important genes that are regulated by exosomes and participate in invasion and metastasis of lung cancer were identified, including those encoding MMPs such as MMP-1 and MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin.