In support of the possibility that colitis-associated inflammatory factors contribute to neuroinflammation, we observed increased plasma concentrations of TNFα, MCP-1/CCL2, IL-6, and IFNγ in colitic mice (Fig. 2a, b), as well as increased transcription of Tnf, Il1b, and Il6 in their brains (Fig. 2c). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and colitis.