Taken together, one dose of E2V did not significantly influence the gene expression of circulating neutrophils, but estrogen exposure for 14 days enhanced the expression of putative pro-tumoral genes Arg1, Il1b and Tgfb1 in Inv mice, potentially contributing to the increased tumour growth observed only in Inv mice (Fig. 1). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.