TNF and neoplasm: Copper is a potent stimulator of the angiogenic process by the activation of angiogenic factors like the interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); angiogenin; the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); fibronectin; and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are critical for tumor angiogenic developments (Li 2020).