Recent studies have associated CSTB with various cancers [e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (25–28), epithelial ovarian tumors (29, 30), breast cancer (31), laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (32, 33)], in which the expression, in which the expression of CSTB is changed in different directions. The gene discussed is CSTB; the disease is cancer.