AIRE and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: Autoantibodies directed to type-I IFNs –predominantly to IFN-α and IFN-ω, and infrequently to IFN-β– are a characteristic and almost universal feature of APECED or autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS-1) (8), a monogenic disorder resulting from loss-of-function AIRE mutations, which impair central immune tolerance (9–12).