However, there is increasing evidence that the CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis plays a tumorigenic role causing tumor progression and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo; it is thought to occur via autocrine signaling of cancer cells which increases cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis11–16. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and cancer.