Further, the expression of the cell-cycle-regulated genes which were either downregulated (e.g. WT1, NUAK1, RASSF3, and SKP2) or upregulated (e.g. GPS2 and IGFBP3) by miR-642a-5p in PCa were inversely related to the effect of the miRNA; those genes downregulated by miR-642a-5p were upregulated in tumor compared to normal prostate and vice versa, further supporting miR-642a-5p as a tumor suppressor microRNA. Here, IGFBP3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.