To this end, KRAS-mutant human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines AsPC-1, PANC-1, and HPAF-II were stably transduced with a vector encoding Cas9 in the absence (vector control) and presence of an sgRNA targeting the PI4KA gene (sgPI4KA), which was confirmed by immunoblot to reduce endogenous PI4KA levels (Fig. 9a). Here, KRAS is linked to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.