Recent studies note that PD-L1 is not only a receptor with immune functions, since there is evidence in xenograft models that it is a promoter of stemness characteristics in cancer, such as self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, derived from interactions between PD-L1 and HMGA1, a transcription regulator protein that promotes the activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways [67]. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.