The adhesion stimulates MIP-1 production from MM cells, and MIP-1 acts on its cognate receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, expressed on MM cells in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to further activate VLA-4 and thereby enhance MM cell adhesion to BMSCs, forming a positive feedforward loop between the MM cell-BMSC adhesion and MIP-1 production by MM cells [26]. This evidence concerns the gene CCR1 and Miyoshi myopathy.