Thus, the overall normal TRBC1+/TRBC1− ratio ranges of naïve, central memory, transitional memory and regulatory Tαβ-cell subsets overlapped with those of the whole Tαβ-cell populations and/or their major TαβCD4+ and TαβCD8+ subsets, whereas more mature populations of CD28+ and particularly CD28- effector memory, early effector, and terminal effector cells of HD displayed more heterogeneous and clear skewed TRBC1+/TRBC1− ratios compared with those of total Tαβ-cells, regardless of the specific subset of, for example, TαβCD4+ or TαβCD8+ cells. The gene discussed is CD28; the disease is Huntington disease.