As reported, LNCaP, C4-2, 22RV1, and VCaP cells exhibited robust AR activity by means of KLK3 expression, whereas PC3 and DU145 (AR-negative prostate cancer cells) or RWPE1, PWR1E, and BPH1 cells (benign prostate immortalized cells) exhibited low activity of the nuclear receptor (Figure 2A). Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate cancer.