Consistent with other studies showing that treatment of melanoma and melanocytes cells with TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines can induce a dedifferentiated state, we have found that the dedifferentiated state of PD-L1CON cells is associated with constitutively active IFN and TNF signalling pathways [17,37,46,53]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is melanoma.