The yield of PCA3 in AS protocols is debatable; Tosoian et al. [60] found that PCA3 score was not significantly associated with progression in AS programs in a prospective study (n = 293), while Ploussard et al. [61] in another prospective study on low-risk PCa patients (n = 106), showed that a PCA3 score > 25 was an important predictive factor for significant PCa and could improve the selection for AS. Here, PCA3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.