In a murine model of pancreatic cancer, CAFs expressing CXCL12 attracted CXCR4-bearing immunosuppressive cells that rendered the tumor unresponsive to the commonly used T cell checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Here, CTLA4 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.