PARP1 and breast carcinoma: In addition, the DDR pathway is closely related to PARP-1 mediated nucleotide excision repair (NER) [48], and PARP-1 inhibitors have been used in the treatment of breast cancer patients in clinical applications [49]; therefore, when using neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs that directly or indirectly target DNA damage leading to the development of drug resistance, PARP-1 inhibitors can be considered in combination therapy to enhance drug efficacy.