BAX and leukemia: Concordantly, in leukemia and cervical cancer cells, exposure to naphthyl chalcones [58], 2′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcones [59] as well as coumarin-chalcone hybrids [36] induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent pathway; the chalcones reduced Bcl-2 expression, while Bax and caspase-3 expression was upregulated, thus triggering the intrinsic pathway and inducing apoptosis.