The reconstruction of nigrostriatal circuits, replenishment of dopaminergic neurons and reduction of neurological deficits were achieved in mice with a 6-OHDA model of PD by the reprogramming of astrocytes to functional neurons via depletion of RNA-binding protein PTB (PTBP1), and the functional characteristics of newly-developed neurons were confirmed with the chemogenetic protocols [144]. Here, PTBP1 is linked to Parkinson disease.