In another protocol, midbrain astrocytes have been obtained from SNCA-mutated iPSCs generated from PD patient’s fibroblasts according to the following conditions: fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) for getting the midbrain identity, epidermal growth factor (EGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), FGF2 + heparin for effective gliogenesis, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid for increased expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Here, GDNF is linked to Parkinson disease.