IL-33, IFNγ, CD40L, and IL-13 showed a decrease in pooled cells (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, p = 0.004, and p = 0.003, respectively), and in AF cells only (p = 0.04, p = 0.05, p = 0.05, and p = 0.03, respectively), whereas IL-10 was decreased in pooled cells (p = 0.006) and in NP cells only (p = 0.009). Here, CD40LG is linked to atrial fibrillation.