Moreover, the authors identified increased mRNA levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cytochrome C oxidase subunit II (COX-2), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6; and decreased mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in placentas, in women with GDM. Here, MTCO2P12 is linked to gestational diabetes.