When paired blood samples were analyzed at baseline and at least at 8 weeks after treatment initiation with PD1 inhibitors in NSCLC and renal cell carcinoma, the frequency of TIM-3-expressing CD4 or CD8 T cells was significantly increased in patients with progressive disease (PD) compared to that of patients without PD [32]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.