In univariate Cox analyses (Table 5), clinical variables including low albumin, high creatinine and β2M levels, and anemia correlated with worse OS (p = 0.005, p = 0.04, p = 0.05, and p = 0.08, respectively); ISS stage > 2 and older age were also shown to associate with shortened OS to some extent (p = 0.11 and p = 0.10, respectively). Here, B2M is linked to anemia (phenotype).