In hepatoma cell lines HepG2/C3A and Huh7:S10-3 transfected with HEV subgenomic RNA, Mda5 expression was higher after 24 h post-transfection and it was associated with viral RNA replication as Mda5 expression was comparatively less in cells transfected with replication-deficient RNA [39]. The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.