TLR4 and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: To verify the influence of light-induced TLR4 on cell viability in a physiologically more relevant test system that better reproduces the three-dimensional (3D) complexity and growth behaviour of pancreatic carcinoma than the 2D cultures, we cultivated the opto-TLR4 PANC 1 cell line (2000 cells/well) as 3D spheroids, with an initial diameter of approximately 500 μm (Figure 6D).