HIF1A and neoplasm: Echinomycin, another well-known direct HIF inhibitor, hampers the binding of HIF1α to the HRE sequence in the VEGF promoter [162], and a recent study by Thomas and collaborators (2005) has demonstrated that nano-delivery of echinomycin induces autophagy-mediated death in pancreatic cancer in vivo, wherein syndecan-1-encapsulated echinomycin, a custom-designed tumor-specific delivery method, resulted in significantly greater survival [163].