Subsequently, in a larger cohort of 398 patients, the same authors found that HLA-A*02, B*07, B*40, and C*07:01 alleles were under-represented in NPM1-mutated AML compared to the healthy population, further supporting the epidemiological hypothesis that anti-NPM1 protein immune reaction could contain AML development. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.