Moreover, by stimulation with dendritic cells pulsed with different NPM1-mutated peptide mixtures in a 13-day culture, we were able to expand ex vivo leukemia-specific CD8+ and CD4+ CTLs from four NPM1-mutated AML patients, as well as to prime leukemia-specific responses in three healthy donors. Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.