GLP1R and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The insulinotropic and glucose-lowering effects of GLP-1 has long been shown to be impaired in obesity and T2D [49], and GLP-2, another co-secreted L-cell peptide hormone that improves gut epithelial proliferation and mucosal integrity, has also been found to be reduced in obese mice and humans [50,51].