A new solution to determine the immunological predictive factors, such as PD-L1 expression and the presence of CD8-positive T cells, is automated image analysis, as performed by Althammer et al. Archival or fresh tumor biopsies were digitally scored for PD-L1- and CD8-positive cells densities across multiple tumor types, including NSCLC patients who received anti-PD-L1-based immunotherapy. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.