STAT3 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Using pneumonectomy combined with monocrotaline (PNT/MCT) as a severe PAH model in rats, we found that combination therapies using aerosolized AAV1.hSERCA2a with a potent STAT3 inhibitor (HJC0152) or AAV1.hBMPR2: (1) significantly restored BMPR2 expression in the lungs, (2) attenuated the pulmonary vascular remodeling and resistance, and (3) inhibited RV remodeling and significantly restored RV function.