Previously, the upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was shown in arterial vasculature of diabetic CKD patients and turned out to be correlated with arterial stiffness [28], whereas a MMP-3 gene polymorphism (rs3025058) was associated with subclinical markers of coronary atherosclerosis and IMT progression in type 2 diabetes [29]. Here, MMP3 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.