NOD2 and Cowden disease: In the newest study performed on a large cohort of CD patients, Horowitz et al. reported that individuals carrying any one of the main three NOD2 risk alleles (p.R702W, p.G908R, or p.L1007fs) have up to 4-fold increased risk for developing CD, while carriers of two or more of the same NOD2 variants have 15–40-fold increased risk.