TGFB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the PPI network in this study, the cytokines IL6, interleukin 33 (IL33), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL11, all of which are involved in fibrosis (Mahler, et al., 2013; Pérez, et al., 2017; Widjaja, et al., 2019), were significantly upregulated in T2DM (Supplementary Figure S2).