The top 20 upregulated and downregulated differentially expressed miRNAs from plasma and exosomes (using two extraction kits, designated Qiagen and BIOG) were selected (Table 3) and analyzed for their possible regulatory roles on PD-related genes, including SNCA, LRRK2, GAK, PINK1, UCHL1, PLA2G6, ATP13A2, FBXO7 and HTRA2, using microRNA.org and TargetScan (Table 4). The gene discussed is GAK; the disease is Parkinson disease.